Expiration Dates for Household Chemicals

Final Examination For The Psychology Of Personality

Final Examination for the Psychology of Personality Summer 2015 Due Date: 7-28-15 at 11:59pm Seham Azzamel @02773623 Seham_z@hotmail.com Dr. Elbedour College of School of Psychology Washington, DC 2015 Question 1 Personality Traits Personality is defined as â€Å"consistent behavior patterns and intrapersonal processes originating within the individual† (Burger, 2010, p. 4). In order to measure personality, psychologists focus on personality traits. Personality traits are simply actions, attitudes, and behaviors an individual possess. These traits are the elements that make up each individual’s personality. There are five most widely accepted traits of personality (Pappas, 2013): †¢ Openness †¢ Conscientiousness †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦153). Basic Types of Personality Proposed by Eysenck Eysenck, a British psychologist, proposed a model of personality based upon just three universal streams: 1) Introversion/Extraversion, 2) Neuroticism, and 3) Psychoticism (Cherry, n.d; Burger, 2010). Introversion is concerned with directing attention on inner experiences, whereas extraversion focuses attention outward on other people and the environment (Cheery, n.d). Neuroticism indicates an individual’s tendency to respond emotionally (Burger, 2010). Eysenck’s third element of personality model, that was added later, is psychoticism. People, high on this trait – psychoticism, tend to have difficulty dealing with reality, and are usually anti-social, non-empathetic, and hostile (Cherry, n.d). Question 2 The Nature-Nurture Controversy Nature versus nurture debate (also written as nature-nurture) is one of the oldest and enduring controversy in the history of psychology. Nature relates to hereditary factors that influences who we are – from our physical appearance to our personality characteristics. On the other hand, Nurture is related environmental variables that impact who we are, such as early childhood experiences, the way of being raised, and social relationships. The nature-nurture debate is concerned with the degree to which specific aspects of behavior are a product of either hereditary or acquired (learned) characteristics (McLeod, 2007). Plato and Descartes proposed

Full Moon and Little Frieda Free Essays

Full moon and little Frieda is a poem written by Ted Hughes. The poem is about Frieda’s first word ‘Moon’, but in this poem, Moon represents her father, which is Ted. He is amazed at her for the first time calling his name. We will write a custom essay sample on Full Moon and Little Frieda or any similar topic only for you Order Now It starts of just like this â€Å"on a cool evening with dogs barking and buckets clanking with spider’s web with dew looking like a mirror. † And cows are wandering in their lane â€Å"A dark river of blood, many boulders† In the first stanza, he says â€Å"as you listening†, it means that he’s trying to put you in his situation or current atmosphere, or in this case, in the barn. It is at night when the cows are getting ready to get back to their ‘home’. It is a silence night where there are spider webs with dews on it. In the second stanza, he shows us that the ‘cows are going home in the lane there, looping the hedges with their warm wreaths of breath’, meaning that the cows are going back to their home in their comfortable lane and that they are happy. ‘A dark river of blood, many boulders’ suggests that he wants the reader to think there is some sort of sadness when his wife left him because she committed suicide. But when Frieda cries Moon, his reaction changed become surprised and amazed because he is very happy to hear his name being called. I think it is not a sad poem, but some parts like ‘dark river of blood’ suggest that maybe he is having a family trouble, which could be due to the fact that his wife committed suicide. This poem is well-written in a very simply English even though the meaning behind it is not really obvious. The first time I read the poem, I thought it’s just about a little girl on a farm full of cows calls for the moon. But after a bit of research, I realized that Moon represents her father. The cows represent both sadness and happiness. I see that it is written in 3 stanzas. The first two stanzas, it has 5 verses. There is a lot of imagery going on in the poem that really put you in the peaceful mind, the animals doing what they are suppose to do (going back to the farm because it is late night already). I also see that there is no rhythm or rhyme in the poem. While you’re reading the poem, the feeling of relaxed and chilled are felt. This is a short poem which I love as I can’t stand long poems that literally need deciphering before one can understand them. It had no rhyming or rhythm so one was free to put your one style into it which makes it more fun. I liked the subject of the poem and it was to me a very meaningful and well written poem. How to cite Full Moon and Little Frieda, Papers

Business Law for Sunshine Coast Resort-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Law for Sunshine Coast Resort. Answer: Issue The key issue is whether there is a valid contract between Gaia and SuperNatural and whether Gaia can ask for a refund from Alexander and Roxanne because they guaranteed that taking their medicine can immune people from catching viral strain NeuroToxicia and even after taking their medicine, as per instruction, Gaia gets a strain of NeuroToxicia. Law A contract is referred to an agreement that legally binds its parties to the terms of the contract. In order to create a valid legal contract, parties are required to fulfil its essential elements which include offer and acceptance, valid consideration, mutual intention, free and voluntary consent, capacity of parties, certainty of terms, and legality of the subject matter. A contract cannot be formed without fulfilment of these elements. A basic contract required agreement, intention and consideration. An agreement is referred to meeting of minds between two or more parties which include an offer and acceptance. An agreement can be written or spoken. An invitation to treat is an initial approach in which a person invites others to deal with him on certain specified terms. Most advertisements are treated as an invitation to treat for potential customers to consider something. The doctrine of invitation to treat was explained by the court in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1893 ] 1 QB 256 case. An acceptance can be given by spoken words, written words, performance or an act or conduct. An offer which constructs by performance creates a unilateral contract. It is formed by an express offer that can be accepted by a party only through performance. A bilateral contract is open for one person to accept whereas a unilateral contract is open for the world. In Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co case, the court held that an offer can be open for the world and it can be accepted by the performance of an act. The parties to a contract must have intention to create legal relations. Generally, the presence of a valid consideration is the evidence of an intention however it is not always the case. In commercial agreements, it is presumed that the parties have an intention to enter into a legal contract. Although puffery or puff is a promise made during a commercial which clearly intended not to be taken seriously. It is necessary that a valid contract must be available in each contract which can include money, provision of goods or services, onerous obligation, refraining from do ing something or promise to do something. Although these are essential elements of a contract which are necessary to be fulfilled by the contracting parties, however, the court can enforce a contract even when its essential elements are not fulfilled based on the doctrine of promissory estoppel. Lord Denning provided in Moorgate Mercantile Co Ltd v Twitchings [1976] QB 225 case that consideration is not required if promissory estoppel is proved. This case is relevant because in this case, the court provided that if a person led another to believe in specific act by his/her conduct or words, he/she will not be allowed to go back to his/her words. In this case, it was held that presence of consideration is not mandatory in when promissory estoppel is proved. It is necessary that contracting parties are capable of entering into a contract. Incapable parties include minor, intoxicated person, bankrupts, and person lacking intellectual capacity. It is necessary that parties to a contract must have intention to create a legal relationship which means an intention must be free from any external forces. There are a number of vitiating factors that affect the genuine consent of contracting parties which include unconscionable conduct, misrepresentation, undue influence, duress and mi stake. Lack of genuine or free consent due to these factors can set aside a contract, and the court can declare it void. The party can also sue for damages if the consent is not free or involuntary. Application In this case, the facts are similar to Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company [1893] 1 QB 256 case. In this case, an advertisement was given by a business called SuperNatural for a tablet called Flu-Defeat which is advertised as a guaranteed cure for a serious viral strain called NeuroToxicia. The company further provided that a person has to take their medicine for two months based on given instructions and it will cure the viral strain of NeuroToxicia. The corporation claimed that if a person catches the viral strain of NeuroToxicia after using their medicine, then they will refund his/her money and also fund an all-expense paid trip to Sunshine coast Resort town of Noosa. In order to show their sincerity, the owners make a reservation with the resort. In Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball case, Carbolic Smoke Ball Co published an advertisement promising that their product would positively cure different diseases such as asthma, influenza, coughs, colds, whooping cough, headache and othe rs. The company further provided that they will pay a reward of 100 pounds to any person who gets influenza after using the ball for three times daily for two weeks. In order to show their sincerity, the company deposited 1000 pounds in the bank. In this case, Gaia who is a 79-year-old retiree sees the advertisement and purchase 100 tablets pack of Flu-Defeat. She continuously takes those tablets for new two months as per the instruction gave by the SuperNatural. After some time, she was diagnosed with a very serious strain of NeuroToxicia. Gaia contacted Alexander and Roxanne, owners of SuperNatural, for refunding her money, but they denied her by saying that they did not have any intention to enter into a contract. In Carlill case, Mrs Carlill purchased the smoke balls offed by the company and used them as per the directions. After some time, she caught the flu. She claimed her reward of 100 pounds, but the company rejected her by saying that it did not have an intention to enter into a valid contract with her. In Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball case, the defendant argued that the advertisement was a sales puff which cannot be taken seriously and it is not possible to make an offer to the world. There is lack of notification of acceptance of the party. The wording of the advertisement was too vague in order to constitute an offer. Finally, the defendant stated that there is no consideration between parties which cannot form a valid contract. The Court of Appeal held in the judgement that Mrs Carlill was entitled to a reward because a contract has constructed between her and the company. The advertisement formed a unilateral contract between the parties which was accepted by Mrs Carlill by performing the conditions provided in the offer. Further, the court stated that the advertisement is not puffery because the company deposited 1000 pounds in the bank for showing their sincerity. The court stated that it is possible to make an offer to the world and a notification of acceptance is not required in a unilateral contract. The wording of the advertisement is capable of being resolved by the parties. The consideration is not required in a unilateral contract. The judgement of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co case applied to the case of Gaia as well. According to the principle of invitation to treat, SuperNatural invited people to enter into a contract with it by issuing a public advertisement. The company had an intention to create a legal contract because its owner book reservation with the resort to show their sincerity. The offer for contract made by the company was open for the world and any person can accept it by performing the instructions of advertisement. Gaia has given her consent through the conduct by complying with instructions of the advertisement. Notification of acceptance is not required in the case of a unilateral contract. Other essential elements of a contract are also fulfilled in the case as well. For example, both the parties are capable of entering into a valid contract. They have an intention to create a legal relationship, and they have given free consent. Gaia has accepted the offer by performing the instructions given by the SuperNatural in the advertisement. Based on the judgement of Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co case, a valid contract has established between Gaia and SuperNatural because of the principle of unilateral contract and invitation to treat. Gaia can ask for the refund from SuperNatural, and the company also have to give her all-expenses-paid weekend to Sunshine Coast Resort. Conclusion In conclusion, Gaia and SuperNatural have entered into a valid contract based on the principle of invitation to treat and unilateral contract. SuperNatural has made an invitation to treat which as accepted by Gaia by complying with the terms. Gaia can sue SuperNatural because a unilateral contract has formed between the parties and SuperNatural has to refund Gaia her money and provide her all-expenses including a weekend holiday in Sunshine Coast Resort.

Gender stereotype Essay Example

Gender stereotype Essay Gender Stereotypes in a Commercial An advertisements intended use might be to sell a product in the grand scheme; however gender stereotypes are often embedded to attract a particular market and indirectly set the social norm. These gender stereotypes are found in commercials, TV shows, music videos and billboards. Men and women are depicted to behave a certain way in society, and have a certain attitude to differentiate genders. This shapes the way men and women should act in society, and creates a targeted end user for a companys product. Marketers exploit gender identities, stemmed from rotational ways of composing oneself to sell products. Targeting a market uses different methods that will attract a female versus a male. For example, pastel colors for a little girls clothes and toys, where as a boys are bold or bright in color. More specifically, a Did Groins pizza commercial was attempting to convince the audience that their bake-at-home frozen pizza was as good as a fresh delivered pizza. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender stereotype specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Gender stereotype specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Gender stereotype specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, when watched closely, this Did Groins commercial expresses women being portrayed as responsible for grocery shopping and cooking, that women are inferior to men, and that all men dictate. Since the beginning of culture, women are often depicted as housewives who do the cooking, shopping and laundry. Historically, chores around the house are gender oriented. Women do the light weight work and nurture the kids, while men do physical, heavy lifting work and take charge. Psychologically, commercials embed these stereotypes, which define how genders should compose themselves in society. In this Did Giorgio advertisement, it is obvious that the woman is viewed in a house setting, as a domestic bringing in the groceries. She is then told by her husband to make a pizza with extra toppings and to make it quick. This gender stereotype proves the label of women having to cook for their husband and family. The point of this commercial, which was trying to sell a home baked pizza Just as good as delivery, left an impression towards women suggesting that you should make what your husband wants, how he wants and when he wants it. When he gets what he wants he will be satisfied and love you. A woman cooking for their husband is understood as trying to make their husband happy, and in return, creating happiness for themselves. The perception about women having to cook and grocery shop is not only a way of this immemorial trying to sell their product, but also to convey that the current restricted gender roles are still the same. Women are widely known as inferior to men, not only in the household but in all settings of society. Whether it is in the workforce, in politics, or religion, women are deemed as inferior to men because of sexual selection. Men prove themselves as physically and intellectually greater than other men when trying to get women, whereas women must be superior sexually. This leads to the conclusion that men are of higher power or value and women should be overlooked. Traditionally, this culture we are raised in does not see a point in women that she hates when he dictates to her, but reluctantly takes his command and makes the pizza. This gives in to the stereotype that women are inferior to men. It comes across as women being passive and taken advantage of. The thought of women being a lesser human being and more unreliable than men is disrespectful. Women should have a right to equality between gender roles, without the needed acceptance of commercials. Commercials display gender stereotypes that are widely followed, with womens inferiority being the case in this advertisement. While women are considered to be submissive and passive, men are also largely stereotyped. Men are represented to be dominant and strong. Male stereotypes can cause pressure on men who do not fit the label of a male physically and emotionally. In society men are pictured as lazy, that they are doctors, not nurses and have the right as husbands, to tell their wives what to do. As seen in the Did Giorgio commercial, the husband is depicted in a social setting, watching television with his friends. The husband, trying to impress his friends, ordered that his wife make a pizza the way he wanted it, in a Emily manner. The husband was essentially dictating his wife, from naturally having a leadership role. Men are known to dictate in the work force or house environment because women tend to lean on them for assertiveness. However the stereotype that men dictate, particularly women, is not always true. Because of situations they are put in, for instance in decision making, marriage or outside affairs leads to believe this is how all men act. Gender stereotypes lead to believe that all men should dictate in society, and have the right to. The commercial which is viewed by millions, encourages men to continue to act that way without hesitation. Advertising relies on stereotypes to sell their product, while simultaneously defining gender. Because so many people watch commercials, television, or ads, they have the power to influence society stereotypes. The Did Giorgio commercial confirmed that men still desire for the dictator role in a relationship, while females continue to insist on equal rights. Granted, females have Just as many rights as males do today, but equality is something constantly being striver for in the twenty first century. Commercials are a way of making us believe what we are watching, which sells their product, but also psychologically tells us how we should act in a traditional culture. The traditional culture has always been looked upon, and never really been challenged of its standards. It is hard when the public norm does not acknowledge males as nurses or females as presidents because of gender stereotypes portrayed in commercials. Gender is only a part of which people are; it does not define them or their limits. Advertisements contribute to our perception of cultural identity, gender identity and gender roles, but perception is not reality.

Free Essays on Lost In Yonkers

The overall criticism of â€Å"Lost in Yonkers† is that the characters are rich with many sides and that they provide the plot with enough complexity to make the story work well. I, on the other hand, think that there wasn’t enough to the characters. I think that the story could have used a character that was a stereotype for a specific character trait. At the beginning of this play we meet the tyrannical grandmother, product of the old world, that has been hardened by her life experiences, i.e. losing two of her children. It seems that during the entire story she never deviates from the stereotype we discover her in. I think that it would have added more complexity if the grandmother would have shown some compassion sometime. The woman was known to have money but when her son comes asking for help out of a bad situation becoming worse, she did not offer to give her son the money to help him out of his problem. Not only that, she could have been more sensitive and loaned out the money and have him work off the debt with her, on a certain timetable. But in the whole spirit of the negotiations, she wasn’t even willing to watch his kids for a time so that he could earn the money on his own. This is just the beginning of the character we get to know. Other scenes that continue the generalization of grandma are ones that show her unwilling to let her grandchild stay in the house, but make them labors to supposedly make up the cost of them staying with her. She also makes them incur the costs of any â€Å"robberies†, even when she knows the culprits are her family or even herself. I can’t imagine what it would be like to have a grandmother that would make you pay for someone stealing from her store when it was herself that did it. There were other characters that showed these same characteristics. Like Uncle Louie, he was always the smooth gangster that wouldn’t put up with grandma’s grief. Even with him it was too constant. I thi... Free Essays on Lost In Yonkers Free Essays on Lost In Yonkers The overall criticism of â€Å"Lost in Yonkers† is that the characters are rich with many sides and that they provide the plot with enough complexity to make the story work well. I, on the other hand, think that there wasn’t enough to the characters. I think that the story could have used a character that was a stereotype for a specific character trait. At the beginning of this play we meet the tyrannical grandmother, product of the old world, that has been hardened by her life experiences, i.e. losing two of her children. It seems that during the entire story she never deviates from the stereotype we discover her in. I think that it would have added more complexity if the grandmother would have shown some compassion sometime. The woman was known to have money but when her son comes asking for help out of a bad situation becoming worse, she did not offer to give her son the money to help him out of his problem. Not only that, she could have been more sensitive and loaned out the money and have him work off the debt with her, on a certain timetable. But in the whole spirit of the negotiations, she wasn’t even willing to watch his kids for a time so that he could earn the money on his own. This is just the beginning of the character we get to know. Other scenes that continue the generalization of grandma are ones that show her unwilling to let her grandchild stay in the house, but make them labors to supposedly make up the cost of them staying with her. She also makes them incur the costs of any â€Å"robberies†, even when she knows the culprits are her family or even herself. I can’t imagine what it would be like to have a grandmother that would make you pay for someone stealing from her store when it was herself that did it. There were other characters that showed these same characteristics. Like Uncle Louie, he was always the smooth gangster that wouldn’t put up with grandma’s grief. Even with him it was too constant. I thi...

''The Malaysian Culture'' Short Documentary Essay

''The Malaysian Culture'' Short Documentary - Essay Example Dining or eating out is a relatively cheap experience. Family and friends enjoy being together as Malaysian occasions are celebrated with food. Malaysians never settle with one meal, they always have supper, dessert, and post-lunch and tea time. All this is rewarding because there is plenty of food. I also saw the art of shearing which brings peace and harmony among people. The Malaysian observes religious values as not eating pork so as not to affront the Muslim faith. However, they are so used to using plastic bags and, as a result; they pollute their once beautiful environment. The ultimate price of pollution is expensive and affects the current generation and generations to come. What I did not like about the documentary is that it did not tell us briefly where the food is found if it is cultivated or processed in the industries. Again the documentary did not educate its people about the effects of excessive use of plastic back and give alternative bags for that matter. To my opinion, important elements to that I would apply are helping my nation have plenty of food in order to promote peace and also control excessive use of plastic

Managerial Controls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Managerial Controls - Essay Example He should be relying more closely on empirical evidence instead on his personal opinion on the issue. 2) Does Rabobank Nederland have good control over the accounts managers its New York branch? Would you suggest any changes be made: (1) in the near future? (2) Over the next 5 years, assuming that the branch continues to grow? In the near future, Rabobank should always ensure to book good deals as it was part of its original components of the undertakings from the moment it started the whole wide operation. However, considering how Barr potentially considered credit risk management and would decide situation based on his personal opinion and not on empirical evidence, there should be potential changes to be made at Rabobank in the near future. Rabobank should further increase its control over the accounts managers situated in New York branch. However, assuming that the New York branch continues to grow in the next 5 years, Rabobank should ensure more enhancements rather than changes to be made and learn further on the skills attributed by the accounts managers for they must have been potentially good at what they are doing. As far as take over is concerned, a need to consider a control system is necessary, whether existing or new. However, in the case of AirTex and the take over of Frank and Ted, a new control system is necessary because the latter seemed to have great expectations not just on the entire company but to be specific this included the management and control system. Furthermore, there were other relevant and necessary factors that need to be included like culture. In the takeover, part of the concern of the new administration on management and control should include culture or the working environment. This part should not be overlooked as the new administration’s expectations should be aligned with the prevailing working

Excel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Excel - Essay Example But if the average is considered, then S & P 500 is a better company to invest in. Mean and median are two types of averages and are the most common. Mean is the average which is realized when you add up all the numbers and then divide by the count of the numbers, in this case after calculating the mean value for each of the firms, we realized the following data outputs, Abbots Laboratories 34.51503, Unilever realized a mean of 37.05433 while S & P500 realized a mean of 1654.891. The median is the middle value in the list of various numbers, to obtain median the numbers are listed in numerical order, after calculations we realized the following data, Abbotts Laboratory a median of 34.75, Unilever realized a median of 38.11 and S&P 500 realized 1649.6. The range on the other hand is the difference between the largest and the smallest values in a group of data, the range of the firms were as follows, Abbotts Laboratory realized a range of 21.14, the Unilever realized a range of 16.57 and finally S&P 500 realized a range of 810.96. Median =where L is the lower limit of the interval containing the median, N the total number of scores, FW is the frequency or the number of scores within the interval containing the median, and I is the range of the interval. In finance and accounting, variance is a term used to measure the degree of risk in an investment. It is obtained by calculating the average of the squared deviations from the mean rate of return. The standard deviation is the representation of the risk associated with a given security (stocks, bonds) or the risk of a portfolio of securities and it is obtained by taking the square root of the variance. Table below shows the report on the mean, median, range, variance and Standard deviation based on the weekly returns of each of the three assets. Statistically these value returns helps investors understand he financial market

Impact of Immigration Policy on Integration

Impact of Immigration Policy on Integration To what extent will recent and proposed changes to the immigration system assist in successful integration of new immigrants? Over the past 12 months, UK Immigration has seen a metamorphic transition, which reflects the gripping need that has been felt for legislative change. The new Immigration Rules are now in full swing, some of which have already hit the front line and others that are still presently under construction. It is inevitable that any system that is introduced for the first time will either be very beneficial in the successful integration of new immigrants or will have devastating consequences. Following the Australia and Canada model, the most revolutionary change in the legal process is the introduction of the Points Based System (hereafter referred to as PBS) for new immigrants seeking to work, train or study in the UK It replaces the approximate 80 routes of doing either of the above under the present regime. These short term or long term Immigration categories have been streamlined into one single immigration system. The PBS is classified under tiers and sets out clearly how an immigrant can successfully meet the criteria for admission through each of the various ways. The benefit of adopting the single system provides clarity in the law and secures a carefully controlled integration of new immigrants. The new system is much more simple in form and straightforward in application. The advantage that new immigrants will have will be that they will be able to ascertain whether they meet the necessary criteria for a particular visa, which will save them time and prevent wastage of costs. Looking at the new system in more depth, the PBS is divided into 5 Tiers. Tiers 1 (General) was introduced on 29th February 2008 and took effect from 30th June 2008.[1]. Tiers 2 5 have been in force since 27th November 2008. Tier 3 has been temporarily suspended and Tier 4, which applies to students aims to be incorporated by March 2009. Under each Tier, any prospective immigrant would need to score points in order to attain entry clearance, The points have been set by an independent body referred to as the Migration Advisory Committee. Instrumental to the PBS is the involvement of sponsorship[2]. Another change for new immigrants to consider is the requirement of the entry clearance and the knowledge of the English Language as a prerequisite. The objective of Tier 1, which came into force in February 2008 is aimed at, Highly Skilled Workers (hereafter referred to as HSW) and the Post Study Work (PSW) schemes, which replaces the former Highly Skilled Migrant Programme, (HSMP) the International Graduates Scheme, (IGS) The Fresh Talent Working in Scotland Scheme and the rules for business-people and innovators, investors, writers, composers and artists[3]. This Tier has been formed in line with bringing in the, â€Å"brightest and the best†[4]. On the face of it, the law appears to be complicated but the writer suggests that upon close examination, this is not the case. Instead, this is good news for some workers, particularly those that do wish to enter on the PSW. The PSW allows a new worker to remain in the country for a period of 2 years and will benefit from good quality training. The original IGS scheme lacked consistency as employers were reluctant to invest in resource training of new recruits who were required to leave the country after 12 months. Eventhough the visa does not constitute a settlement visa, a new immigrant will still be able enter into long term agreements such as leases for accommodation purposes. The process under the old HSMP scheme and the new HSW scheme is very different. A new immigrant must score a number of points in relation to each item. The criteria for awarding points are given on a sliding scale against requirements of a degree qualification, whether the new immigrant has studied in the UK and if the prospective applicant is applying under the Scheme from within our outside of the UK. The new immigrant needs a score of 75 points or more in order to qualify on the scheme and additional 10 points for the knowledge of English. There is also requirement for those that apply outside the UK; that they must have a bank balance of  £2,800 and those within the UK must have  £800. The purpose is to ensure that the new immigrant is able to support him/herself up until the first salary is received and not be dependant upon Government resources. This minimum financial requirement may appear to be a hindrance for those who are residing outside the UK. It means that there may be a section of society who are highly qualified but do not have the financial standing and therefore are excluded from meeting the criteria. Tier 1 and the new law has already been brought into question where the case of foreign Doctors are concerned. In the BAPIO[5] case, the House of Lords delivered judgement solely on the issue of lawfulness of the Department of Health Guidance. It was held that the guidance defeated a legitimate expectation held by Doctors in training on the previous HSMP that they would not be prevented from undertaking work. Tier 1 (General) states that a doctor will not be able to undertake employment as a doctor in training up until entry clearance is granted. This is therefore, another procedural obstacle for a UK Immigrant. Tier 2 applies to skilled workers with a job offer and has been in existence since November 2008. This Tier replaces the concept of work permits completely which were traditionally created via a 2 stage process. (an approval letter was required prior to applying for a visa) It must be noted that the notion of the name work permit has been completed phased out since legislation that was passed in 2007[6] The aim of the Tier is to help the UK Labour market. All prospective immigrants need entry clearance and there will be no work permit or visa but a single decision made by the UK Border Agency. To qualify, a skilled foreign worker will have to obtain 50[7] points under the system and this will depend upon factors such as the person already being in skilled work and speaks a good standard English (save for those that are intra-company transferees and stay in the UK for less than 2 years) as well as having an earning capacity of  £24,000 or having a recognised qualification. One way for an immigrant to earn 50 points immediately will be if the employer in the UK can show that they cannot fill the required skilled post with a British worker and that the job vacancy has been advertised in the UK. This leads onto the employer passing the Resident Labour Market Test (RLMT) which refers to the job being in shortage occupation. The rules are extremely detailed and there are four sub categories under the Tier 2[8]. However, it would be worth mentioning those specified occupations, which were previously under this Tier but have now will be excluded as per the new law. The Tier does not include overseas qualified nurses and midwifes, ground staff of overseas owned airlines, exchange teachers, and language assistants The list goes on. The writer considers these occupations to be a wide range of professionals in the cross section of society, which does not help with the integration of new immigrants with these qualifications. There is a recent case of R(on the application of HSMP Forum Ltd v SSHD[9] the Judge in this case has raised a concern with the new law regarding highly skilled migrants. The Judge has found that upon applying the new rules, there is a breach of legitimate expectation for those immigrants who have already obtained entry clearance because the immigrant will have not secured work associated with their skills and ability and that there will be an element of racial discrimination. . The Home Office has had to act fast following this Judgement and consequently, have issued a policy to incorporate the judgement. The previous rules (prior to November 2006) will apply to those UK immigrants who have been adversely affected by the change in law. This is good news for those immigrants that fall under this category. Alongside Tier 2 is the requirement of the certificate of sponsorship which has to be issued to the prospective employer. Prior to this, the Company will have to firstly be registered with the UK Border Agency so that it can obtain a sponsorship license. Additionally, the procedural requirements for a company would be to demonstrate that it has effective HR systems in place to manage its workforce. The writer is of the view that skilled workers will be discouraged from coming to the UK because the law is incredibly water tight. Additionally, if an organisation is called into question, if faces losing its license and any immigrant working would be required to leave the country within a period of 28 or 60 days. The law goes even further as from the 29th February 2008, which states that if a Company knowingly employs an individual who is not legitimately working, it faces prosecution and fine of up to  £10,000 and any businesses that do the same face an unlimited fine or imprisonment. The procedure of carrying out this process is set to cause serious delay to the recruitment of key immigrants and employers will risk losing access to a pool of talent on an international level. Tier 4, which applies to students is set to come into force in March 2009. From July 2008, colleges and universities have been open to apply to the UK Border Agency to become registered sponsors. Under the Tier, only those overseas adults with a proven track record in studying will be permitted to apply and the student concerned will have to enrol on an English course. They will also have to pass a maintenance test and produce supporting documents such as educational qualifications. The long term plan for Autumn 2009 is the emergence of the an IT system to support the student visa route. It appears that the student visa rules are similar to old ones save for the fact that the new visa rules will only apply to overseas ‘adults’; whether this will cut out a section of new immigrants is yet to be known. Finally, Tier 5 applies to Youth Mobility and temporary workers. Tier 5 of the PBS is currently in existence where temporarily workers wish to come to the UK for primarily non-economic reasons, such as sportspeople and charity workers. The new law still dictates that the new UK Immigrant is awarded 30 points and savings of at least  £800. This again may be difficult for some workers who only essentially work on a ’temporary’ basis. Those that wish to come to the UK as an entertainer will still be will be assessed outside of the PBS under visitor visa rules. The Government is due to publish details of the new visitor visa category in the near future. There will be some aspects of the law which will create successful integration as the new law creates transparency and clarity. The fact is that the actual criteria to meet has not considerably changed but what has reformed is the legal process. This will have a negative affect on those immigrants that will want to appeal against the decisions and the Asylum Immigration Tribunal (AIT) may be faced with a number of claims. The Government has produced a consultation paper[10], which proposes to change the process of Immigration and Asylum appeals. There will be an additional hurdle to cross if the scope for Judicial Review is revised; which will have the prevent the applicant’s right to appeal to the High Court, following a decision of the AIT. To conclude, the recent law has potential implications and has the possibility of deterring new immigrants from applying and discriminate against particularly highly skilled individuals who hold the qualifications but not the job to go with it or those that simply will not have the financial standing . The new law regarding the integration of immigrants is to some extent a cause for concern as the law has already been under question and has subsequently been ’tweaked’ in its initial stages. This without doubt, will open up the floodgates for UK immigrants to question other areas of the new law. BIBLIOGRAPHY Books 1. Clayton, G (2008) Immigration and Asylum Law (3rd Edition) Oxford University Press, Oxford 2.Jackson, D Warr, G, Cole, J.0., Middleton, J (2008) Immigration Law and Practice, (4th Edition) Tottel Publishing Journals/Articles Home Office Border Immigration Agency, (2008) The Path to Citizenship: next steps in reforming the Immigration System Home Office Border Immigration Agency (2008) Students under the Points Tier System -(Tier 4)- Implementation Plan Home Office UK Border Agency, Consultation: Immigration Appeals, Fair Decisions; Faster Justice, August 2008 Berry, M (2007) Are your employees eligible to work in the UK?-EEF, the manufacturers organisation Broadway House Tothill Street London Websites http://www.bia.homeoffice.gov.uk/ http://www.oup.com/uk/orc/bin/9780199238668/ -updates on Clayton, G (2008) Immigration on Asylum Law (3rd Edition) Oxford University Press, Oxford Legislation Immigration Rules Border Immigration Agency 2007 Case Law R (on the application of BAPIO Action Ltd another) v SSHD and another [2008] UKHL 27 R(on the application of HSMP Forum Ltd v SSHD [2008] EWHC 004 (Admin) Footnotes [1] Application and requirement methods set out HC321 [2] Tier 1 is exempt from this requirement. Under Tier 5, Youth Mobility, the Government will take the role of a sponsor. [3] Rule HC 607 [4] Home Office Border Immigration Agency, The Path to Citizenship: next steps in reforming the Immigration System, February 2008 [5] R (on the application of BAPIO Action Ltd another) v SSHD and another [2008] UKHL 27 [6] Border Immigration Agency 2007 [7] Appendix A of the Immigration Rules [8] General, Intra Company Transfer-like before, Ministers Of Religion, ‘elite’ Sportsperson [9] R(on the application of HSMP Forum Ltd v SSHD [2008] EWHC 004 (Admin) [10] Home Office UK Border Agency, Consultation: Immigration Appeals, Fair Decisions; Faster Justice, August 2008

Robert Browning’s Andrea del Sarto Essay -- Andrea del Sarto

Robert Browning’s Andrea del Sarto Lucrezia del Sarto (To My Dear Husband) My dear husband, put away your plate of bread Or, pray you, hand it to the dogs; the sun Has but an hour to make its mid-way trek, And here sit you etching pewter with crust, And smearing cheese and jam with lazy thumbs. Ah, yes! Kiss me so. Then kiss me better To smother my lips. Your artlessness is What makes me smile so, dear, and not your kiss. No, I will speak. And should you be so kind As to listen, you’ll find me plainly spoken. Long last night, in my bed, I turned and turned; As much as I’d suffered your words while they Tumbled from your lips, I suffered them once More, and more fresh, fettered fast inside my head! Love, the night wore on, black, blank, and at last Thinned. But how you wear me! Tell me you shall Keep your promise to each one of the three: To myself, to my cousin, and to thee! I will tell you how I mean: Do life’s work, Honor your wife, your word, and yourself If it pleases you. But be first a man; No—a husband—above all else. Tell me, ’Tis possibly better to honor yourself? My dear husband, I have much in reply To offer your last eve’s soliloquy; So perhaps it shall suit you to gaze less Dumbly at my brow and more at my mouth Whilst I so plainly speak. Your talents do Not waste themselves on me. Do not doubt it. I am more certain of your skill than you May think. And so I am less humored by The fickle errantry of a mind which once Was sharp and sweet. My pride in you has waned. Pick, pick, pick, but never paint! Well enough, You say we are all only but in God’s Hands; ’Tis not God who binds you down, nor I! Your works have touched heaven, but you are low; God, you think, assign... ...ehind a play of words or a psychological puzzle, tempting his reader to dig for it there, later. I have come to appreciate the rich expressiveness inherent in the dramatic mono-logue format. Without actually stating or describing very much, the poet is able to depict a scene and its props, animate characters, and imply action, emotion, and rhthym for the audience. I discovered that each time I implied action on the part of either Lucrezia or Andrea, (â€Å"put away your plate . . . But even now you entwine me . . .†), I was, at the same time, implying action—and its accompanying emotion—on the part of the second character, as well. The poem becomes a dance—a dense, complex web of subtleties and surprises. This poetic form is a pleasure to read and a pleasure to mimic. It carries an intimacy which embraces the poet, the characters, and the reader all at once.